Benchmarks

This section describes a range of performance benchmarks that have been run comparing this library with the standard library, and how to run your own benchmarks if required.

The values in the ratio column are how many times longer running a specific operation takes in comparison to the same operation with a double.

On nearly all platforms, there is hardware support for binary floating point math, so we are comparing hardware to software runtimes; Decimal will be slower

Both the results from Intel and GCC types are from very close, but not identical benchmark routines since they are written in C instead of C++. We assume they are close enough, and the differences between the C and C++ compilers are small enough, for fair comparison

How to run the Benchmarks

To run the benchmarks yourself, navigate to the test folder and define BOOST_DECIMAL_RUN_BENCHMARKS when running the tests. An example on Linux with b2: ../../../b2 cxxstd=20 toolset=gcc-13 define=BOOST_DECIMAL_RUN_BENCHMARKS benchmarks -a release, or ../../../b2 cxxstd=20 toolset=gcc-13 define=BOOST_DECIMAL_RUN_BENCHMARKS=1,BOOST_DECIMAL_BENCHMARK_CHARCONV=1 benchmarks -a release to also run the <charconv> benchmarks

To run the GCC benchmarks you can use the following command: gcc benchmark_libdfp.c -O3 -std=c17 followed by: ./a.out

To run the Intel benchmarks you will need both the Intel Compiler, and the library. You can the use the following command: icx benchmark_libbid.c -O3 $PATH_TO_LIBBID/libbid.a -std=c17 followed by: ./a.out You can also use gcc instead of icx. On windows the command is similarly: cl benchmark_libbid.c /O2 /std:c17 ..\PATH_TO_LIBBID\cl000libbid.lib, followed by: .\benchmark_libbid.exe.

The Intel benchmarks can only be run on one of their supported architectures: IA-32, IA-64, and Intel x64

Methodology

Comparisons

The benchmark for comparisons generates a random vector containing 20,000,000 elements and does operations >, >=, <, <=, ==, and != between vec[i] and vec[i + 1]. This is repeated 5 times to generate stable results.

Basic Mathematical Operations

The benchmark for these operations generates a random vector containing 20 million elements and does operations +, -, *, / between vec[i] and vec[i + 1]. This is repeated five times to generate stable results.

`<charconv>`

Parsing and serializing number exactly is one of the key features of decimal floating point types, so we must compare the performance of <charconv>. For all the following the results compare we compare against STL provided <charconv> for 20 million conversions. Since <charconv> is fully implemented in software for each type the performance gap between built-in float and double vs decimal32_t and decimal64_t is significantly smaller (or the decimal performance is better) than the hardware vs. software performance gap seen above for basic operations.

To run these benchmarks yourself, you will need a compiler with complete implementation of <charconv> and to run the benchmarks under C++17 or higher. At the time of writing, this is limited to:

GCC 11 or newer
MSVC 19.24 or newer

These benchmarks are automatically disabled if your compiler does not provide feature complete <charconv> or if the language standard is set to C++14.

x64 Linux

Run on the GitHub Actions ubuntu-latest runner: the GCC tables use GCC 14, and the Intel Compiler tables use the Intel oneAPI compiler (icpx for the Boost.Decimal types and icx for the Intel libbid types).

Comparisons

Intel Compiler:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	111,124	0.447
`double`	248,802	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,123,197	8.534
`decimal64_t`	2,665,076	10.712
`decimal128_t`	7,158,255	28.771
`decimal_fast32_t`	910,669	3.660
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,002,574	4.030
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,011,988	4.067
Intel `BID_UINT32`	3,220,763	12.945
Intel `BID_UINT64`	4,023,186	16.170
Intel `BID_UINT128`	4,635,399	18.631

GCC:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	85,168	1.059
`double`	80,442	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,654,213	20.564
`decimal64_t`	1,348,016	16.758
`decimal128_t`	8,984,182	111.685
`decimal_fast32_t`	856,606	10.649
`decimal_fast64_t`	825,377	10.261
`decimal_fast128_t`	835,934	10.392
GCC `_Decimal32`	1,309,079	16.274
GCC `_Decimal64`	752,050	9.349
GCC `_Decimal128`	1,475,067	18.337
Intel `BID_UINT32`	5,788,361	71.957
Intel `BID_UINT64`	7,917,538	98.425
Intel `BID_UINT128`	7,946,739	98.788

Addition

Intel Compiler:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	114,987	0.998
`double`	115,164	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,089,967	18.148
`decimal64_t`	1,740,472	15.113
`decimal128_t`	4,184,437	36.335
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,458,413	12.664
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,138,832	9.889
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,243,561	10.798
Intel `BID_UINT32`	1,838,514	15.964
Intel `BID_UINT64`	2,981,101	25.886
Intel `BID_UINT128`	3,024,495	26.263

GCC:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	89,362	0.999
`double`	89,435	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,917,872	21.444
`decimal64_t`	1,937,493	21.664
`decimal128_t`	4,950,077	55.348
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,121,823	12.543
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,163,063	24.186
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,876,894	20.986
GCC `_Decimal32`	5,135,740	57.424
GCC `_Decimal64`	3,691,869	41.280
GCC `_Decimal128`	5,882,148	65.770
Intel `BID_UINT32`	5,254,741	58.755
Intel `BID_UINT64`	6,382,980	71.370
Intel `BID_UINT128`	4,396,855	49.163

Subtraction

Intel Compiler:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	114,881	0.997
`double`	115,264	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,075,105	18.003
`decimal64_t`	1,845,795	16.014
`decimal128_t`	3,991,074	34.626
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,559,508	13.530
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,291,654	11.206
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,448,430	12.566
Intel `BID_UINT32`	2,854,390	24.764
Intel `BID_UINT64`	2,855,248	24.771
Intel `BID_UINT128`	3,079,690	26.719

GCC:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	638,569	0.998
`double`	639,634	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,898,022	2.967
`decimal64_t`	2,056,412	3.215
`decimal128_t`	4,365,732	6.825
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,239,682	1.938
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,365,119	3.698
`decimal_fast128_t`	3,658,821	5.720
GCC `_Decimal32`	3,336,704	5.217
GCC `_Decimal64`	2,188,201	3.421
GCC `_Decimal128`	5,438,682	8.503
Intel `BID_UINT32`	6,432,427	10.056
Intel `BID_UINT64`	6,754,523	10.560
Intel `BID_UINT128`	5,376,552	8.406

Multiplication

Intel Compiler:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	115,053	0.998
`double`	115,323	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,541,867	30.713
`decimal64_t`	3,945,021	34.208
`decimal128_t`	13,177,002	114.262
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,440,833	21.165
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,178,854	27.565
`decimal_fast128_t`	11,590,562	100.505
Intel `BID_UINT32`	2,039,237	17.683
Intel `BID_UINT64`	4,052,067	35.137
Intel `BID_UINT128`	13,813,267	119.779

GCC:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	88,078	1.002
`double`	87,943	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,438,455	39.099
`decimal64_t`	4,165,490	47.366
`decimal128_t`	17,431,447	198.213
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,952,643	22.204
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,379,301	49.797
`decimal_fast128_t`	18,432,685	209.598
GCC `_Decimal32`	4,340,457	49.355
GCC `_Decimal64`	4,180,519	47.537
GCC `_Decimal128`	11,909,973	135.428
Intel `BID_UINT32`	5,745,479	65.332
Intel `BID_UINT64`	9,552,169	108.618
Intel `BID_UINT128`	33,858,419	385.004

Division

Intel Compiler:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	117,693	0.877
`double`	134,273	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,761,435	28.013
`decimal64_t`	3,914,687	29.155
`decimal128_t`	10,833,760	80.685
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,649,447	19.732
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,228,463	24.044
`decimal_fast128_t`	7,847,454	58.444
Intel `BID_UINT32`	2,780,735	20.710
Intel `BID_UINT64`	5,350,872	39.851
Intel `BID_UINT128`	13,966,510	104.016

GCC:

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	105,875	0.621
`double`	170,445	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,313,682	19.441
`decimal64_t`	3,896,799	22.863
`decimal128_t`	11,516,236	67.566
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,809,783	16.485
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,114,135	18.271
`decimal_fast128_t`	10,499,827	61.602
GCC `_Decimal32`	8,350,157	48.990
GCC `_Decimal64`	5,014,533	29.420
GCC `_Decimal128`	17,367,305	101.894
Intel `BID_UINT32`	6,228,856	36.545
Intel `BID_UINT64`	10,105,630	59.290
Intel `BID_UINT128`	27,516,263	161.438

`from_chars`

General Format

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	2,437,788	0.917
`double`	2,657,378	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,131,251	1.178
`decimal64_t`	4,291,891	1.615
`decimal128_t`	9,911,474	3.730
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,737,095	1.783
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,404,334	1.657
`decimal_fast128_t`	10,414,943	3.919

Scientific Format

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	2,506,008	0.954
`double`	2,625,702	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,008,653	1.146
`decimal64_t`	4,180,192	1.592
`decimal128_t`	9,712,229	3.699
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,142,588	1.578
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,118,461	1.569
`decimal_fast128_t`	8,772,097	3.341

`to_chars`

General Format Shortest Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	2,920,036	0.850
`double`	3,436,919	1.000
`decimal32_t`	4,136,631	1.204
`decimal64_t`	4,318,996	1.257
`decimal128_t`	14,624,180	4.255
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,752,219	1.383
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,382,014	1.275
`decimal_fast128_t`	17,350,588	5.048

General Format 6 digits Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	5,541,073	0.969
`double`	5,716,626	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,527,433	0.617
`decimal64_t`	4,125,772	0.722
`decimal128_t`	6,967,211	1.219
`decimal_fast32_t`	3,654,219	0.639
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,386,125	0.592
`decimal_fast128_t`	6,018,439	1.053

Scientific Format Shortest Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	2,841,569	0.827
`double`	3,437,387	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,564,053	0.750
`decimal64_t`	2,856,944	0.831
`decimal128_t`	12,147,039	3.534
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,878,507	0.837
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,933,273	0.853
`decimal_fast128_t`	15,010,374	4.367

Scientific Format 6 digits Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	4,896,523	0.958
`double`	5,112,924	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,542,237	0.497
`decimal64_t`	3,119,552	0.610
`decimal128_t`	4,811,741	0.941
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,890,023	0.565
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,956,466	0.578
`decimal_fast128_t`	5,476,431	1.071

x32 Linux

Run on the GitHub Actions ubuntu-latest runner built 32-bit (-m32) with GCC 14.

Comparisons

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	218,958	0.998
`double`	219,360	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,737,544	7.921
`decimal64_t`	2,641,269	12.041
`decimal128_t`	12,785,193	58.284
`decimal_fast32_t`	810,359	3.694
`decimal_fast64_t`	973,523	4.438
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,668,334	7.605
GCC `_Decimal32`	2,008,198	9.155
GCC `_Decimal64`	1,371,538	6.252
GCC `_Decimal128`	3,599,488	16.409
Intel `BID_UINT32`	7,259,612	33.095
Intel `BID_UINT64`	13,689,027	62.404
Intel `BID_UINT128`	14,084,425	64.207

Addition

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	405,897	1.024
`double`	396,331	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,939,282	4.893
`decimal64_t`	3,260,021	8.226
`decimal128_t`	10,051,940	25.362
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,560,823	3.938
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,316,658	5.845
`decimal_fast128_t`	4,063,567	10.253
GCC `_Decimal32`	8,992,119	22.688
GCC `_Decimal64`	6,286,686	15.862
GCC `_Decimal128`	11,553,019	29.150
Intel `BID_UINT32`	10,155,501	25.624
Intel `BID_UINT64`	11,869,147	29.948
Intel `BID_UINT128`	9,837,845	24.822

Subtraction

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	406,120	1.016
`double`	399,739	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,992,724	4.985
`decimal64_t`	3,604,077	9.016
`decimal128_t`	8,985,637	22.479
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,574,896	3.940
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,594,218	6.490
`decimal_fast128_t`	4,758,754	11.905
GCC `_Decimal32`	6,535,773	16.350
GCC `_Decimal64`	5,228,611	13.080
GCC `_Decimal128`	10,506,473	26.283
Intel `BID_UINT32`	11,342,434	28.375
Intel `BID_UINT64`	12,277,171	30.713
Intel `BID_UINT128`	10,883,496	27.227

Multiplication

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	405,436	1.014
`double`	399,698	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,588,771	8.979
`decimal64_t`	16,292,591	40.762
`decimal128_t`	59,885,317	149.826
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,185,862	5.469
`decimal_fast64_t`	15,107,474	37.797
`decimal_fast128_t`	61,364,608	153.527
GCC `_Decimal32`	10,260,711	25.671
GCC `_Decimal64`	10,233,556	25.603
GCC `_Decimal128`	24,483,677	61.255
Intel `BID_UINT32`	10,013,583	25.053
Intel `BID_UINT64`	20,791,232	52.017
Intel `BID_UINT128`	73,505,671	183.903

Division

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	232,240	1.001
`double`	231,965	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,783,007	16.309
`decimal64_t`	13,399,342	57.764
`decimal128_t`	38,156,153	164.491
`decimal_fast32_t`	3,558,170	15.339
`decimal_fast64_t`	12,932,823	55.753
`decimal_fast128_t`	32,450,569	139.894
GCC `_Decimal32`	19,020,688	81.998
GCC `_Decimal64`	14,541,743	62.689
GCC `_Decimal128`	49,702,372	214.267
Intel `BID_UINT32`	11,776,038	50.766
Intel `BID_UINT64`	24,981,386	107.695
Intel `BID_UINT128`	82,414,494	355.288

x64 Windows

Run on the GitHub Actions windows-latest runner using MSVC in release mode.

Comparisons

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	267,312	0.949
`double`	281,801	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,069,413	7.344
`decimal64_t`	3,341,678	11.858
`decimal128_t`	13,633,699	48.381
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,379,251	4.894
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,774,931	6.299
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,082,371	3.841
Intel `BID_UINT32`	6,041,898	21.440
Intel `BID_UINT64`	7,528,030	26.714
Intel `BID_UINT128`	12,758,626	45.275

Addition

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	84,247	0.908
`double`	92,784	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,911,923	31.384
`decimal64_t`	3,249,001	35.017
`decimal128_t`	7,632,232	82.258
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,220,725	23.934
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,177,791	34.249
`decimal_fast128_t`	2,246,796	24.215
Intel `BID_UINT32`	6,235,650	67.206
Intel `BID_UINT64`	5,979,724	64.448
Intel `BID_UINT128`	7,093,720	76.454

Subtraction

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	554,188	1.010
`double`	548,707	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,221,102	5.870
`decimal64_t`	3,613,448	6.585
`decimal128_t`	7,409,670	13.504
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,644,884	4.820
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,817,024	6.956
`decimal_fast128_t`	2,867,294	5.226
Intel `BID_UINT32`	6,533,652	11.907
Intel `BID_UINT64`	5,760,666	10.499
Intel `BID_UINT128`	9,366,140	17.069

Multiplication

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	84,930	0.904
`double`	93,926	1.000
`decimal32_t`	4,309,301	45.880
`decimal64_t`	6,482,512	69.017
`decimal128_t`	19,776,429	210.553
`decimal_fast32_t`	3,243,070	34.528
`decimal_fast64_t`	7,399,381	78.779
`decimal_fast128_t`	18,226,008	194.046
Intel `BID_UINT32`	5,035,552	53.612
Intel `BID_UINT64`	10,404,515	110.774
Intel `BID_UINT128`	57,034,486	607.228

Division

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	104,422	0.681
`double`	153,241	1.000
`decimal32_t`	4,391,552	28.658
`decimal64_t`	5,114,360	33.375
`decimal128_t`	15,204,345	99.219
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,702,937	30.690
`decimal_fast64_t`	5,209,485	33.995
`decimal_fast128_t`	9,286,117	60.598
Intel `BID_UINT32`	5,488,896	35.819
Intel `BID_UINT64`	10,099,622	65.907
Intel `BID_UINT128`	38,082,318	248.513

`from_chars`

General Format

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	7,892,780	0.457
`double`	17,282,516	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,544,166	0.205
`decimal64_t`	5,095,337	0.295
`decimal128_t`	18,972,286	1.098
`decimal_fast32_t`	5,182,044	0.300
`decimal_fast64_t`	6,344,823	0.367
`decimal_fast128_t`	34,476,545	1.995

Scientific Format

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	7,839,980	0.454
`double`	17,282,516	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,393,317	0.196
`decimal64_t`	4,924,720	0.285
`decimal128_t`	29,240,187	1.692
`decimal_fast32_t`	5,092,334	0.295
`decimal_fast64_t`	6,341,230	0.367
`decimal_fast128_t`	34,519,610	1.997

`to_chars`

General Format Shortest Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	3,181,029	0.826
`double`	3,852,857	1.000
`decimal32_t`	5,242,934	1.361
`decimal64_t`	5,586,541	1.450
`decimal128_t`	13,955,214	3.622
`decimal_fast32_t`	6,053,804	1.571
`decimal_fast64_t`	7,957,278	2.065
`decimal_fast128_t`	20,202,107	5.243

General Format 6 digits Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	6,111,231	0.949
`double`	6,433,885	1.000
`decimal32_t`	4,605,311	0.716
`decimal64_t`	4,742,497	0.737
`decimal128_t`	12,372,901	1.923
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,716,827	0.733
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,861,975	0.756
`decimal_fast128_t`	10,779,778	1.675

Scientific Format Shortest Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	3,107,509	0.773
`double`	4,020,767	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,428,517	0.853
`decimal64_t`	4,095,802	1.019
`decimal128_t`	11,577,791	2.879
`decimal_fast32_t`	3,375,975	0.840
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,427,563	1.101
`decimal_fast128_t`	13,581,654	3.378

Scientific Format 6 digits Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	4,938,623	0.930
`double`	5,309,818	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,435,843	0.647
`decimal64_t`	3,682,980	0.694
`decimal128_t`	9,223,227	1.737
`decimal_fast32_t`	3,379,702	0.637
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,892,990	0.733
`decimal_fast128_t`	10,158,657	1.913

ARM64 Windows

Run on the GitHub Actions windows-11-arm runner using MSVC in release mode.

Comparisons

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	182,631	1.021
`double`	178,811	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,675,672	9.371
`decimal64_t`	2,204,593	12.329
`decimal128_t`	8,820,649	49.329
`decimal_fast32_t`	873,023	4.882
`decimal_fast64_t`	892,885	4.993
`decimal_fast128_t`	891,362	4.985

Addition

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	54,458	0.885
`double`	61,551	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,203,310	35.796
`decimal64_t`	2,235,741	36.323
`decimal128_t`	5,484,163	89.099
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,503,891	24.433
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,996,293	32.433
`decimal_fast128_t`	2,922,130	47.475

Subtraction

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	54,309	0.904
`double`	60,063	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,344,101	39.027
`decimal64_t`	2,461,049	40.974
`decimal128_t`	5,257,033	87.525
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,875,233	31.221
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,356,630	39.236
`decimal_fast128_t`	3,255,466	54.201

Multiplication

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	55,894	0.884
`double`	63,214	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,284,833	51.964
`decimal64_t`	4,325,658	68.429
`decimal128_t`	15,701,811	248.391
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,314,410	36.612
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,827,303	60.545
`decimal_fast128_t`	15,460,123	244.568

Division

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	56,253	0.379
`double`	148,333	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,657,033	24.654
`decimal64_t`	7,237,316	48.791
`decimal128_t`	16,783,738	113.149
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,750,815	18.545
`decimal_fast64_t`	6,732,683	45.389
`decimal_fast128_t`	14,954,134	100.815

ARM64 macOS

Run using a Macbook pro with M4 Max chipset running macOS Tahoe 26.5.1 and homebrew Clang 22.1.7

Comparisons

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	245,753	1.415
`double`	173,624	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,130,311	12.270
`decimal64_t`	2,081,778	11.990
`decimal128_t`	4,986,707	28.721
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,598,693	9.208
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,480,876	8.529
`decimal_fast128_t`	2,026,589	11.672

Addition

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	65,878	0.448
`double`	147,047	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,443,207	16.615
`decimal64_t`	1,984,135	13.493
`decimal128_t`	3,190,734	21.699
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,453,432	9.884
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,488,265	10.121
`decimal_fast128_t`	2,090,004	14.213

Subtraction

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	142,634	1.287
`double`	110,818	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,733,591	24.667
`decimal64_t`	2,206,734	19.913
`decimal128_t`	3,185,713	28.747
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,672,704	15.094
`decimal_fast64_t`	1,611,485	14.542
`decimal_fast128_t`	1,935,134	17.462

Multiplication

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	72,495	0.574
`double`	126,312	1.000
`decimal32_t`	4,025,974	31.873
`decimal64_t`	4,101,858	32.474
`decimal128_t`	10,307,655	81.605
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,720,844	21.541
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,662,837	28.998
`decimal_fast128_t`	9,077,818	71.868

Division

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	48,647	0.412
`double`	118,030	1.000
`decimal32_t`	4,596,994	38.948
`decimal64_t`	4,918,310	41.670
`decimal128_t`	15,939,577	135.047
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,810,646	23.813
`decimal_fast64_t`	4,340,941	36.778
`decimal_fast128_t`	14,494,890	122.807

`from_chars`

General Format

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	1,882,825	0.990
`double`	1,901,380	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,427,654	1.803
`decimal64_t`	5,364,564	2.821
`decimal128_t`	11,752,375	6.181
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,339,550	2.282
`decimal_fast64_t`	6,647,959	3.496
`decimal_fast128_t`	14,010,588	7.369

Scientific Format

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	1,939,033	1.010
`double`	1,919,671	1.000
`decimal32_t`	3,411,016	1.777
`decimal64_t`	5,278,214	2.750
`decimal128_t`	11,479,704	5.980
`decimal_fast32_t`	4,299,497	2.240
`decimal_fast64_t`	6,287,638	3.275
`decimal_fast128_t`	9,856,122	5.134

`to_chars`

General Format Shortest Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	2,223,891	0.882
`double`	2,520,203	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,983,523	1.184
`decimal64_t`	3,348,702	1.329
`decimal128_t`	8,899,289	3.531
`decimal_fast32_t`	3,383,567	1.343
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,436,470	1.364
`decimal_fast128_t`	12,509,443	4.964

General Format 6 digits Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	4,664,538	0.948
`double`	4,915,699	1.000
`decimal32_t`	2,570,339	0.523
`decimal64_t`	3,309,343	0.673
`decimal128_t`	5,962,030	1.212
`decimal_fast32_t`	2,213,792	0.450
`decimal_fast64_t`	3,067,584	0.624
`decimal_fast128_t`	6,006,157	1.222

Scientific Format Shortest Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	2,119,538	0.848
`double`	2,500,900	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,757,416	0.703
`decimal64_t`	2,187,911	0.875
`decimal128_t`	6,976,380	2.790
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,739,069	0.695
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,060,848	0.824
`decimal_fast128_t`	12,509,443	5.002

Scientific Format 6 digits Precision

Type	Runtime (us)	Ratio to `double`
`float`	4,157,977	0.933
`double`	4,457,878	1.000
`decimal32_t`	1,764,018	0.395
`decimal64_t`	2,625,621	0.589
`decimal128_t`	4,060,487	0.911
`decimal_fast32_t`	1,728,473	0.388
`decimal_fast64_t`	2,734,955	0.614
`decimal_fast128_t`	5,300,774	1.189

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